This law prohibits unequal pay based on a protected class for all substantially similar work. As an example, it is illegal for an employer to pay a woman less than a man for doing the same job solely on the basis of sex or gender.
A difference in pay can be based on a legitimate factor like education, merit, or experience.
Resources:
Equal Pay Provision of the NYS Labor Law, Article 6, Section 194 (LS603)
Labor Standards Pay Equity Complaint Form (LS608.2)
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Guidance on Pay Equity for Employers in NYS Fact Sheet (P828)